Aprender Linux

pwd
ls		s; sh; l (long format); -a (see all the files); t
cd		/: cd
cp		-r; -i
mv
rm		-r
rmdir
mkdir
df		-h
free		-m
top		(exit – q)
uname		-a
lsb_release	-a
ifconfig
date
cal
man		intro; -k; -f; (command name)
less		SPACE; b; G; 1G: /characters; n; q
mount		
ln		make links between files
sort
ls -l | less
ls -lt | head
du | sort - nr
find . - type f -print | wc -l
apt-get
xload &
bg		put the program to the background (after CTR Z)
fg
jobs
ps
kill
set		show the environment
type
.bashrc
fdisk		
cfdisk
nslookup archive.ubuntu.com
df -h
du -ch | grep total   [show size of the files/directories in the current directory]
du -sh  [list the size of the directory=summa]
zip optiones archive impattern inpattern ... (zip -r temporary.zip /temporary)
unzip archive (unzip temporary.zip -d blast/) [unzip to specified directory]
less /proc/meminfo  [list detailed info of memory]
less /proc/cpuinfo [list detailed info of cpu]
less /proc/version  [list version of operating system]
evince  [open pdf file] (evince filename.pdf)
/sbin/ifconfig   [network detials]
ifconfig  [network details]
split   [split file] 
  split -b 100m peliculas/example.avi example [results in creation of exampleaa, exampleab etc.]
cut   [join the file]
  cut examplea* > example.avi [joins all files named for example exampleaa exampleab etc. to example.avi]

sudo apt-get install samba samba-tools system-config-samba smbfs
sudo smbpasswd -a username [replacing username with your login username]
sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[add the directories to be added right at the end in the fallowing format]
[Pictures]
path = /home/username/<folder_to_be_shared> [replace username with your username and <folder_to_be_shared> with the folder you want to share]
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart [restarting samba]
[On Linux type the falowing in web browser]
\\192.168.x.x [replace 192.168.x.x with the actual IP address of your server which is serving the folder]

apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras [para installar adobe flash etc.]

[skype installation with updates]
echo "deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free #Skype" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 0xd66b746e
sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude install skype

  skype install for 10.04
wget http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-beta-ubuntu-64
sudo apt-get install libqt4-dbus libqt4-network libqt4-xml libasound2
sudo dpkg -i skype-XXXXXXXXXXXX.deb
#if you still get some dependency error then just type the command below
sudo apt-get -f install

  back up
folder synchronization - ensuring that two different folders at two locations hold the same data
creating an archive - mainly used for long-term storage, primarily of configuration files and documents
rsync - 

  samba share
smbclient -L //hostname #[smbclient -L //tinyy]
smbclient //server/sharename #[smbclient //tinyy/peliculas]
get # download single file
msget # download multiple files
put # put files on server
mput # put multiple files on server

  permanent mount - linux and ntfs partitions
# edit fstab file
sudo vim /etc/fstab
# edit the list of partitions adding the desired partition for linux
/dev/sdb6 /mnt/tartaros_data ext4 users,noatime,auto,rw,nodev,exec,nosuid 0 0
# edit the list of partitions adding the desired partition for windows ntfs
/dev/sdb6 /mnt/tartaros_data ntfs defaults 0 0

usb file system format/rename

sudo mkfs.vfat -n 'label' -l /dev/sda #sudo mkfs.vfat -n 'bananafanana' -l /dev/sdb1
sudo e2label /dev/sda <device> #sudo e2label /dev/sdb1 bananafanana



Particioning

primary partition - max 4 on one harddrive
extended partition - max 1 on one harddrive and can not be formated with filesystem, such as ext3, FAT etc. Partition created within extended partition is called a Logical partition.
ext3 filesystem for linux
NTFS filesystem for windows
master boot record (MBR)
- when determinating which partition is root and which home, chenk menuy on ext3 file systems in partition manager






Mover el cursor

CTRL + 
p; n; a; e; b;k; u; w; TAB


command name interface
working directory
absolute pathname
relative pathname
option arguments
case sensitive	big and small letters metter
symbolic link
wild cards	*; 
input/output redirection
standard output
standard input  
pipes
shell builtins
environment
aliases			type of command in environment
shell functions		type of command in environment

.		working directory
..		working directory's parent directory
-		normal file (ls command)
d		directory



comand
option
argument
physical track positioning – taking an advantage of inner, middle and outer tracks of har drive and files saved in these different locations  

Command syntax

command [flags] argument1 argument2

- hyphen

correcting typos
ctrl + w; ctrl +U
abort process			ctrl + c
suspends current program	ctrl + z
discard output 		ctrl + o
resume to display		ctrl + q
				ctrl + s
quite linux session		ctrl + d
apropos	or	man -k
rlogin
passwd
cat
alias		(alias l='ls -l')
unalias
gzip
df			-h
diff
du			-s
echo
finger
ftp
get
mget
put
mput
grep
history
look
mail
script
source
spell
tar
telnet
pam_umask
who
sed
units

lshw

arp
wodim
mkisofs
gksu gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf	"change keyboard options"
/usr/bin/firefox	starting moxilla from terminal
/usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice
sudo mount -o loop -t iso9660 /path/to/iso/file.iso /path/were/to/save/it

bisness card creator - open source
sudo aptitude install glabels

Basic local network setup on ubuntu machine (10.04)

convention range of IP addresses dedicated to the machines on the network:
3-10 printers
11-49 administrator
50-99 student computers
200-248 ??

DHCP server claims probably between 100-149

Manual configuration of the IP addresses of the computers

type the ifconfig command for the information about your network interfaces
ifconfig

configure your IP address to value 50-> 
sudo ifconfig eth 192.168.1.50

check that IP was chenged by repeating the ifconfig command
ifconfig

if IP changed, connect the computer to the router by RG44 jack/Ethernet cable

ping the router, IP probably 192.168.1.1
ping 192.168.1.1 

cancel the process by control + c and continue further if the connection is established

set up the IP on second computer:
sudo ifconfig etc 192.168.1.51

check the change by ifconfig and ping the router

ping the first computer from the second computer (192.168.1.51)
ping 192.168.1.50

connect the printer through the graphical interface to the one of the printers and set it up as a printing server. 

Next week I hope to the the command line options on connecting the printers and sharing the printer from several computers.