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p.MsoNormal,p.MsoNoSpacing{margin:0}</style></head><body><div style="font-family:Arial;">On Tue, Apr 14, 2020, at 5:37 PM, Texx wrote:<br></div><blockquote type="cite" id="qt"><div dir="ltr"><div>I only know a little about auto immune issues, but I believe we have at least one person on this list dealing with it.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Are cytokines part of the problem in auto immune disease (Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritus etc) ?<br></div></div></blockquote><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">Oooh, I've learned a lot on this in the last couple weeks.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">First, a fascinating tidbit: one of the reasons women suffer more from autoimmune issues is the X chromosome is longer than the Y chromosome. So, having two copies, women get more immune signalling capability, as that's mostly what's encoded in that length difference. That has its advantages and disadvantages.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">Second, it means women (of the XX sort) tend to live longer, on average (globally), even when you take maternal mortality into consideration, because disease fighting capability. Note that even though women have higher BMIs generally and are more likely to be obese *and* obesity's been a stated factor for winding up in the hospital/ICU/dying of COVID-19, the numbers consistently show that's not happening. [1]<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">Now, onto your question: Yes and no. They're a signaling molecule, and when you hear antibody, for example, that is ONE type of cytokine.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">So basically part of the function of your immune system is to keep your various parts where they're expected to be, and that's complicated. Self/non-self recognition is incredibly complex and imperfect and is intended to keep your organs and muscles and stuff intact, but also keep cancers from spreading. Unfortunately, this also means that things can be mis-recognized if they appear too similar, which is what celiac disease is. (Oh? Gluten attached to an intestinal cell? Let's destroy that fucker! Seriously.)<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">The cytokine storm that is killing COVID-19 patients is interesting, and I've been reading up on it and it's…horrifying. It is actually more dengue-like than I thought at first, I just didn't have the words to do the search. <br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">So in antibody-dependent enhancement a la dengue, having antibodies to one form helps the immune system say, "Ah, I know this, let's make some cytokines!"<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">Except it just keeps going and going and going like the everready bunny. In dengue, this can cause a hemorrhagic form if you catch it a second (or later) time.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><a href="https://www.statnews.com/2017/11/02/dengue-second-infection/">https://www.statnews.com/2017/11/02/dengue-second-infection/</a><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">Well, it turns out that that is actually more common than we thought, it's just that it's more obvious in dengue infections than in other viruses.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">So it turns out that the problem with creating vaccines, and the problem with injecting convalescent plasma, etc., is figuring out the right load to *not* create a cytokine storm. Because you want to kick the immune system, you just don't want to drop kick it.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">And therein lies the rub.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">See comments here: <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/COVID19/comments/fzvbgs/the_sarscov2_receptorbinding_domain_elicits_a/">https://www.reddit.com/r/COVID19/comments/fzvbgs/the_sarscov2_receptorbinding_domain_elicits_a/</a><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">Deirdre</div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;">[1] Except Kansas, which is weirdly, the only jurisdiction globally I've seen with flipped statistics. But, you know, Kansas. <a href="https://public.tableau.com/profile/kdhe.epidemiology#!/vizhome/COVID-19Data_15851817634470/KSCOVID-19CaseData">https://public.tableau.com/profile/kdhe.epidemiology#!/vizhome/COVID-19Data_15851817634470/KSCOVID-19CaseData</a><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial;"><br></div></body></html>