From rick Fri Feb 21 04:47:56 2003
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 04:47:56 -0800
To: conspire@linuxmafia.com
Subject: Re: [conspire] gigabit for linux?
User-Agent: Mutt/1.4i
Quoting Tom Macke (macke@scripps.edu):
> I want to make an upgrade to my little home Linux cluster
that is
>
> 1. a little too ambitious for someone with my level of
Linux
> system chops
> 2. a bit involved to expect to do at an installfest.
>
> Here's the scoop:
>
> I have 4 CPU cluster 2 750MHz laptops, 1 750Mhz tower and
one 2.26GHz
> tower on one of those 8 port 10/100 Base/T
cable/router/switches.
>
> The 2.26GHz has a 120GB disk nfs mounted to the to the other
3 and does
> double duty for MPI jobs as both boss (node-0) and a
worker.
>
> I use this "cluster" (pushing it I know) to develop codes
that are used to
> search Genbank for RNA 2d structures. Genbank is big (90GB
and growing)
> and while none of the 3 750Mhz nodes can consume data at
100Mbps speed,
> the 3 of them taken together can consume data faster than
the 100Mbps the
> nfs server can send to the switch.
>
> So, what I want to do is:
>
> 1. Get a new 2+GHz box and install in my n/w (No problem
here)
> 2. Convert that 750MHz tower box to a gigabit server. The
plan would
> be to move that 120GB drive from the 2.26GHz box (will still
have an
> 80GB) and add another such drive so that there were 2*120GB
on hda and
> hdc. Plus add a gigabit card, etc, etc. And this is what I
know I'm
> not ready to do by myself.
>
> Any suggestions? My consulting budget is not large, buts its
not zero
> either, especially if I could help and thus learn a bit more
of this
> stuff
Tom --
In order to properly research your question, I went straight to a friend of mine who's an expert on clusters. I sent him a short e-mail inquiry, and then sat back and waited for the expected outpouring of wisdom. Guess what? Here's the exchange:
>> What do you recommend that people use currently, in the
way of GigE
>> (copper) NICs, on Linux?
>
> You know, I haven't found the answer to that yet. Right now
I'm
> thinking that just getting mobos integrated with GigE is
probably the
> best solution, but I don't really have any numbers to back
that up.
Bah. So much for consulting the experts. Not a super-useful answer, but he does sort of have a point, though: A bit of casual study confirmed that one of the issues with GigE adapters is bus throughput: The PCI-card versions divide into high and so-so performance categories, according to whether they're 64-bit or 32-bit cards. Obviously, putting them on the motherboard will both remove this problem and lower costs. Of course, if you're using existing motherboards, this isn't an option.
Another fact to note is that there will be serious CPU loading. PII boxes might end up being CPU-bound, which is otherwise almost unheard of among Linux systems. Since the most common application of GigE is in computational clusters, those machines would have two heavy draws on CPU capacity. Anyhow, assuming you are not running CPU-bound, your GigE throughput onto the wire may top out at 30-55 megabytes/sec, depending on the card. MTU (maximum transmission unit) will, as I'm sure you know, need to be upped considerably: MTU = 6000 is pretty common, or even 9000 aka "jumbo".[1]
Let me put the last and best first. Here's a list of very useful
links,
resulting from my research:
- Gigabit Over Copper Reviews: http://www.cs.uni.edu/~gray/gig-over-copper/
- Chipsets: http://www.anime.net/~goemon/cardz/
- 32-bit cards:
http://www.digit-life.com/articles2/gigeth32bit/gig-eth-32bit-2.html
The first of those URLs is probably best, pertaining to a well-maintained page of review information on GigE NICs for Linux. Highly recommended.
That page (which I found late in my search) almost makes my notes on GigE chipsets and Linux drivers obsolete, but I offer them below, anyway:
Alteon Networks AceNIC, 3Com 3C985 and NetGear GA620 and versions of the AceNIC Gigabit Ethernet adapter sold by other vendors: driver for 2.2/2.3 kernels, by Jes Sorenson. Carried forward into 2.4 series. National Semiconductor NS83820 ("Tigon1/Tigon2") chipset; ns83820 driver (limited to maximum MTU = 6000). Driver was developed at CERN. NetGear GA620 is still probably the cheapest card. Other cards with this chipset: D-Link DGE500T. SMC 9452TX. Ark Soho-GA2000T. Asante Giganix.
Altima (nee Broadcom) NetXtreme BCM570x "tigon" (tg3 driver), sometimes built into motherboards, e.g., by ASUS. A separate (but not very good) GPLed driver tarball (bcm5700) is available from ASUS or 3Com. Also separate (later) models AC1000/AC9100. Altima/Broadcom chipset is also used in NetGear GA302T. Also 3Com 3c996BT, which is supplied by 3Com with the bcm5700 driver, is a 64-bit card, and has so-so performance (maybe better with the tg3 driver?).
Intel Pro/1000 gigabit model 825xx (e1000 driver). Driver is still available on a third-party basis at Intel, but is now GPLed. Card is also sold as Compaq NC6xxx/NC7xxx. Often built into motherboards. 64-bit. Inexpensive ($169)! Pretty good performance/stability after some revisions to the driver software: Reviewer recommends using the 2.5 kernel driver.
Packet Engines "Yellowfin" GNIC, Driver for kernel versions 2.0.0 through 2.5. Driver was written to support the Beowulf project. Production discontinued after Alcatel bought the company.
Packet Engines "Hamachi" GNIC-II. Driver for kernel versions 2.0 through 2.3. Driver was written to support the Beowulf project. www.nersc.gov page clarifies that 2.4.x driver is also available. Production discontinued after Alcatel bought the company.
SysKonnect. Driver is available both in the standard kernel and from the company. Very current driver (sk98lin). Expensive cards (64-bit). Syskonnect SK9821 is far and away the performance champion among all cards to date -- costs about $570. (At that price, you're almost up into Myrinet[2] range.)
In short, there seem to be quite a few decent choices in supported chipsets, with your choice depending on how much you want to spend and whether you have a 64-bit slot at your disposal. Back at my old firm, we sold the two Packet Engine cards first. Those were pretty much the first to be supported on Linux at all. Probably, therefore, they have the most mature drivers. Later on, we sold quite a few of the NetGear GA620, which was very popular on account of price.I've been out of the loop on GigE hardware for a year or so, though, so part of the point of my research was to verify which cards still have current Linux drivers (e.g., for Linux 2.4.x). Happily, it seems that pretty much everything does.
'Hope that helps.
[1] Quoting a follow-up private e-mail to Tom:Looking at the manpage for /sbin/ifconfig , one sees an MTU command parameter:
mtu N This parameter sets the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) of an interface.
I've personally never had occasion to change it, but I was never really a cluster guy, historically.
According to the review page I noted last night, this parameter is one of the ones you play with to find the best combination of performance and reliability. It seems as if 6000 is a pretty common setting with GigE. Default value is 1500. Check carefully to see if your switch can support the desired frame size: Switch support for "jumbo" 9000 byte frames is still rare.
[2] A more-expensive but faster (much lower latency, lower CPU load) technology from Myricom, Inc., used in very-high-performance environments that can afford to pay $600 for even used Myrinet cards, and no doubt significant money also for the matching hubs. Myrinet is defined as ANSI standard VITA 26-1998.One even lower-latency, faster, and more expensive GigE competitor: Quadrics.
It should be noted that GigE ethernets should be cabled using copper cabling rated and constructed to Category 5e standards (not just plain Cat5!):
http://www.ochardware.com/articles/cat5e/cat5e.html
Gigabit ethernet can optionally run over fiber-optic cable, instead. Be careful to distinguish GigE NIC models for copper from those for fiber cable.
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 11:36:30 -0800
From: Samuel Flory sflory@rackable.com
To: [a mailing list]
Subject: Re: Cheap Linux gigabit.jra@dp.samba.org wrote:
>I was at Frys this afternon and I noticed the price for 4-port
>gig-ethernet switches had reached $150 !
>
>I'm very tempted, but does anyone know if RedHat 8.x or 9.x
>supports the $80 cheap gig-ethernet cards ? If so, which ones ?
>
>(Yes I'm looking on Google as well :-).Intel has good RH8 support for their e1000 chipsets. I'd avoid the desktop versions of the card, and avoid the older chispets. You're going to pay at least $100 for them.
PS- The desktop versions of the e1000's are in the $50-60 range, but customers have given us mixed reactions.
From: "Bruce O. Benson" benson@tux.org
To: [a mailing list]
Subject: Re: Cheap Linux gigabit.
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:28:02 -0500 (EST)On Wed, 26 Mar 2003, Sean 'Shaleh' Perry wrote:
> On Wednesday 26 March 2003 17:43, jra@dp.samba.org wrote:
> > I was at Frys this afternon and I noticed the price for 4-port
> > gig-ethernet switches had reached $150 !
> >
> > I'm very tempted, but does anyone know if RedHat 8.x or 9.x supports
> > the $80 cheap gig-ethernet cards ? If so, which ones ?
>
> the two I am familiar with are the intel e1000 and the broadcom tg3.
> The tg3 is used as an onboard chipset in the Dell 1650 1U server and
> the e1000 is a standard onboard component for several Intel server
> boards. Both work well in Linux out of the box.As a sidebar: That Broadcom chip ships on some Asus mobos. Asus is kind enough to ship a GPL'ed driver tarball (not tg3) on CD with the mobo.
BB.
--
Bruce O. Benson
mailto:benson@tux.org | http://novalug.tux.org
"You can't hate what you can't love."
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 06:45:43 -0800
From: Robert Flemming flemming@spiralout.net
To: [a mailing list]
Subject: Re: Cheap Linux gigabit.On Thu, Mar 27, 2003 at 09:28:02AM -0500, Bruce O. Benson wrote:
> As a sidebar: That Broadcom chip ships on some Asus mobos. Asus is
> kind enough to ship a GPL'ed driver tarball (not tg3) on CD with the
> mobo.If it's the bcm5700 driver it's crap. I've had problems with some switches in combination with that driver where you could only connect at 100Mb-Fdx (and to even get that you had to hard code it), switched to the tg3 driver and no problems autonegotiating 1000Mb. Like I said though only seems to happen with some switch/card combinations.
Robert
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 09:56:58 -0800 (PST)
From: John Goebel jgoebel987@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: Cheap Linux gigabit.
To: [a mailing list]--- Robert Flemming flemming@spiralout.net wrote:
> If it's the bcm5700 driver, it's crap. I've had problems with some
> switches in combination with that driver, where you could only connect
> at 100Mb-Fdx (and to even get that you had to hard code it), switched
> to the tg3 driver and no problems autonegotiating 1000Mb. Like I
> said, though, only seems to happen with some switch/card combinations.Anybody remember the lovely Yellowfin from Packet-Engines? Or any Packet-Engines card? Ah, memories. I still have a couple.
They had the best card along with the German card Konnect (I think that was the name). Acactel bought Packet-Engines for their switches, and killed the card just as gigE was starting to move forward. Another great management decision. They had a very early open driver, and support Berkeley-VIA. It could have been a contenda'.
We have a lot of e1000 that seem to work ok. All gigE sucks for anything but bulk transfer, so it's not that interesting, for parallel apps.
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 10:30:15 -0800 (PST)
From: John Goebel jgoebel987@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: Cheap Linux gigabit.
To: [a mailing list]--- Brian Chrisman incubus@shell.izap.com wrote:
> The latency is still much better than 100Mbps... crappy compared to
> what you guys are prolly running over at slac though? :-)We use a lot of everything. Basically, it's a patchwork of patchworks. Not much material left.
When I tested the latency of the 100Mbps cards, they had pretty good latency. It was gigE that sucked. I could get 80%-90% efficiency from a e100 x59 version of the chip. With gigE, I was happy to get 60%-70%. I think mostly it was the interrupt queing that caused the degree of latency. GigE did transfer < 600Mbps, which is a lot better than 100T's 85-90Mbps.
And then there is the jumbo frames circus. Are more switches supporting jumbo frames now? I remember something like two switches did at the time I was looking into this, and one was the purple beast, Extreme Networks, which used to crash often.
John
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 18:38:55 +0000 (GMT)
From: Peter Neal ptor@ptor.best.vwh.net
To: [a mailing list]
Subject: Re: Cheap Linux gigabit.On Thu, 27 Mar 2003, John Goebel wrote:
> And then there is the jumbo frames circus. Are more switches
> supporting jumbo frames now? I remember something like two switches
> did at the time I was looking into this and one was the purple beast,
> Extreme Networks, which use to crash often.3Com Superstack III 4924 does support jumbo frames, I think. Extreme Summit 5i does. It might be the purple beast you mention. Dell's 5224 does as well.
Dunno how well they do the job, however...
Peter
UNINETT project to test TCP performance over gigabet ethernet:
http://www.uninett.no/tcp-revisited/gigabit.html
Note to self: Look into the ethtool utility for setting aspect of GigE NIC operation.